Health Care Physicians In Kuwait Health And Social Care Essay

Presentation: Domestic power against grown-up females is an of import open wellbeing work. The clinical practician ‘s individual worth framework and convictions about household power can play an of import capacity to cover with occupation and gracefully backing to battered grown-up females. Point: The current review was figured to reveal mentality of specialists towards local power against grown-up females and variables affecting this demeanor. Techniques: To achieve such purposes, an example of 565 specialists were met out of 899 specialists chose for this review with a general reaction pace of 62.8 % . The imprint populace for this study was all specialists in the essential wellbeing consideration focuses in Kuwait. Results: The outcomes of the current overview uncovered that specialists would in general hold a similarly low positive in general demeanor mark towards power against grown-up females ( 60.75 + 13.16 % ) , with a normal for every centum sign of 42.36 + 15.37 % for connection between companions area, 75.73 + 21.80 % for good grounds to hit wedded womans space, and 58.39 + 17.11 % for heading of residential power circle. Female specialists would in general hold a higher inspirational demeanor mark than guys ( 62.9 + 13.36 % contrasted and 58.3 + 12.52 % , P and A ; lt ; 0.001 ) each piece great with respect to every disposition circle. A long time spent at the current occupation contrarily corresponded with the whole disposition sign of specialists towards local power against grown-up females. Choice: There is an incredible interest to better mentality of specialists about household power, especially against grown-up females through modestly arranged planning plans with the goal that a superior clinical consideration and backing of beat-up grown-up females can be accomplished. Cardinal words: Domestic †power †Women †Physicians-AttitudeIntroductionGender-based power is generally perceived as an of import open wellbeing work, both due to the intense bleakness and mortality related with ambush and its more drawn out term sway on grown-up females ‘s health, including ceaseless harming, gynecologic occupations, explicitly transmitted illnesses, wretchedness, post-horrendous accentuation upsets, and implosion. ( 1-3 ) Abused grown-up females who have hapless physical and mental health endure a larger number of damages and use more clinical assets than non-manhandled grown-up females. ( 1,2,4 ) Wellbeing consideration foundations can do significant parts to turn toing power against grown-up females by back uping the two specialists and casualties. ( 3 ) Health consideration laborers can play a key capacity to cover with this wellbeing work through appropriate bearing of beat-up grown-up females and providing full help. In any case, health consideration laborers may partition the equivalent social standards and biass with casualties or guilty parties of relational power, which would affect their expert mentalities. Besides, a few specialists may accept that relational power is a private family unit issue and non a wellbeing issue. In add-on, while the happenings designated to this field are inconsistent, some health consideration laborers may encounter miserable, taking them to proficient hesitance. ( 4-6 ) Thus the accompanying overview was detailed to achieve the undermentioned points: Estimate demeanor of specialists towards local power ( DV ) against grown-up females and Reveal factors affecting mentality of specialists about household power against grown-up females.MethodsAn trial cross-sectional study configuration was embraced for this review. The review was done in the essential wellbeing consideration focuses in Kuwait. All specialists accessible during the field work of the study in the essential health consideration focuses were the imprint populace of this overview. An entirety of 78 wellbeing habitats are circulated more than five health domains in Kuwait. The whole figure of specialists was 899 ; out of these, just 565 consented to partition in the overview with a reaction pace of 62.8 % . The review secured the period January to August 2010. Information were gathered more than a quarter of a year get bringing down from the May to July, 2010. Pieces of information of this overview was gathered through an uncommonly planned self-controlled survey. This survey comprised of a few developments. The main region managed socio-segment highlights, including age, sex, figure of mature ages in design, instructive creation, current occupation, mature ages at current work and pay. Three requests managed pervasiveness of power ; one in Kuwait, one in other Arab states and the last one managed predominance by and large the universe. The demeanor graduated table comprised of 18 requests covering three sub-spaces. The primary sub-space managed the connection among life partners and comprised of 6 requests, while the second sub-area the hitting wedded womans by their hubbies and shaped of 8 requests, the last sub-space managed heading of DV and comprised of three requests. The reasons for DV comprised of 14 requests ; of these five secured the single highlights of guilty party, two secured the relationship, three managed the network eleme nts, and 4 requests mirrored the social variables including customs, human progress and wonts. Another development of the meeting poll secured the normal consequence of residential power. This part comprised of 34 requests named follows: physical wellbeing ( 6 requests ) , constant conditions ( 5 requests ) , mental health ( 8 requests ) , negative health conduct ( 5 requests ) , generative wellbeing ( 7 requests ) , and lethal outcome ( 3 requests ) . A pilot study was done on 30 specialists ( non remembered for the finishing up overview ) . This overview was detailed with the accompanying points: demonstrate the clarity, relevance of the review devices, suit the reason for the work to existent plausibility, place the difficulties that might be looked during the application, each piece great as study all the processs and exercises of the managerial aspects. In addition, the clasp of completing the poll was evaluated during this pilot overview to be 10 proceedingss. The important changes fitting to the results acquired were done, so a few explanations were rephrased. Furthermore, the development of the survey sheet was reformatted to ease informations total. A pre-coded sheet was utilized. All requests were coded before informations accumulation. This encourages the two informations passage and affirmation each piece great as decreases the opportunity of missteps during informations section. Pieces of information were taken care of to the figuring machine directly from the survey without a middle of the road informations transportation sheets. The Excel plan was utilized for informations passage. A document for informations passage was arranged and organized fitting to the factors in the poll. After informations were taken care of to the Excel plan ; a few techniques were utilized to check informations section. These strategies incorporated the supporters: straightforward frequence, cross-classification, each piece great as manual change of entered informations. Rate mark was determined for the whole disposition mark each piece great with respect to every circle of demeanor. Before figuring the measure of imprint ; the characteristic of negative requests was turned around. The per centum mark was determined as follows: measure of imprint X 100/figure of focuses. The sum was blessed to receive give an extent of 100 % with a lower cutoff of nothing and a furthest restriction of 100.Statistical analysis:Before investigation ; informations were imported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) which was utilized for the two informations examination and even introduction. Unmistakable ( tally, per centum, lower limit, maximum breaking point, number juggling mean, normal and standard uniqueness ) and explanatory advances ( Mann Whitney Z preliminary and Spearman correlativity coefficient ) were used. The level of essentialness chose for this overview was P ? 0.05. All the vital gifts for shipping out the exploration were acquired. The Ethical Committee of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health affirmed the examination. A composed configuration elucidating the purpose of the exploration was arranged and marked by the specialist before get bringing down the meeting. In add-on, the goal and significance of the exploration were examined with the chief of the wellbeing centre.ConsequenceTable I depicts socio-segment highlights of contemplated specialists. Females established 53.1 % of the considered example while the rest of guys ( 46.9 % ) with a mean period of 39.95 + 9.07 mature ages and a standard of 13.04 + 8.42 mature ages at the current occupation. Kuwaiti specialists comprised 43.2 % of the whole example while 51.5 % were other Arab specialists. The mass were hitched ( 87.3 % ) while the rest of by and by individual ( 3.0 % separated or widow and 9.7 % ne'er wedded before ) . Out of the whole example, 89.2 % were filling in as an enlistment center, while the rest of 10.8 % ) were either specializers or consultants. Those keeping an unmarried man grade established 31.7 % , while the mass ( 68.3 % ) were keeping a higher instructive confirmation. The compensation for the greater part of specialists ( 82.1 % ) was more than 1000 KD. Table II shows perceptual experience of specialists about predominance of DV against grown-up females in Kuwait, other Arab states and around the world. Specialists would in general measure lower commonness of residential power in Kuwait than other Arab states or worldwide as 43.8 % of them expressed that household power against grown-up females is more than 20 % while 69 % and 58.8 % expressed a similar predominance in other Arab states and overall severally. Table III exhibits disposition of specialists towards DV against grown-up females. The most elevated normal per centum mark ( 75.73 + 21.80 % ) was that for demeanor circle two covering with striking of wedded womans in various fortunes, trailed by circle three covering with legitimate heading of DV ( 58.39 + 17.11 % ) . Connection between life partners ( area one ) went ahead the underside of the rundown with a mean of 42.36 + 15.37 % . The general demeanor normal per centum mark was 60.75 + 13.16 % with a normal for each ce

Population Specific Pain Assessment & Management Protocol Essay

Populace Specific Pain Assessment and Management Protocol - Essay Example These include: poor rest, loss of craving, diminished working, raised degrees of discouragement and tension and diminished personal satisfaction (Twycross, 1994). The weakness and misery communicated by patients encountering moderate to serious torment is very frequently reflected by medical attendants who come up short on the suitable information and appraisal abilities to oversee torment viably (Clements and Cummings, 1991). Regular boundaries to successful torment the executives revealed in the writing include: information shortages; dread of dependence on narcotic prescription; and, absence of consistency in the efficient evaluation and documentation of agony and the viability of remedial mediations. (McCaffery and Ferrell, 1997) Evaluation is broadly viewed in the writing as the foundation to powerful agony the executives. Medical attendants invest more energy with patients than some other individual from the medicinal services group and are hence in an ideal situation to perform torment evaluation. Through the mix of principal physiological information, data on the patient's history and the far reaching appraisal of their torment, the medical attendant assumes a significant job in advancing patient administration. In our general public, data gathering is seen consistently as something worth being thankful for. (It is the data age, all things considered.) Nowhere is this more genuine than in medication. For specialists, more data is in every case better. Previously, the majority of our data originated from the patient. Presently it progressively originates from machines. Specialists like tests since we consider them to be goal and more dependable than our own abstract decisions. We additionally consider tests to be something substantial we can offer the patient toward the finish of a facility visit. Patients like tests for similar reasons. Requesting a test approves their interests and guarantees solid data a conclusive analysis. In some cases patients even see their consideration as unacceptable in the event that they are not given a type of test. While specialists and patients perceive that medicines may have reactions or lead to confusions, both will in general view testing as something that can just assistance. The overarching mentality is by all accounts it can't hurt just to accumulate a little data. Malignant growth, be that as it may, is a determination made by analyzing human tissue under the magnifying instrument. Furthermore, the best way to take a gander at tissue under the magnifying lens is to do a biopsy: cut a little bit of tissue and expel it from the body. A biopsy is a little activity, and like any activity, it tends to be troublesome and difficult and can prompt difficulties. So it's not the sort of test you need to perform on everybody. The activity of the malignancy screening test is to figure out which patients ought to be biopsied. As such, a screening test is a primer test. It's anything but a test to figure out who has disease; rather, it is a test to figure out who ought to be tried further. Can a negative screening test not be right The appropriate response is in all likelihood truly, despite the fact that it is extremely difficult to demonstrate. That is on the grounds that we don't biopsy individuals with negative screening tests. The main way we come to speculate that a pessimistic screening test may have been off-base is the point at which another disease turns out to be clinically clear not long after an individual has a negative test. Testing In The Real World In reality, disease testing is progressively mind boggling. Test outcomes aren't simply positive or negative; regularly

Top 10 Application Tips #2 Recommendation Letters COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Application Tips #2 â€" Recommendation Letters COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the second entry in our “Top 10? list to assist you with understanding the process of submitting your admission application to SIPA.   This entry is focused on many of the questions we receive regarding the submission of letters of recommendation. Question:   Can I submit more than three letters? Answer: No, we will only accept three letters of recommendation.   We wish to be fair to all applicants and thus hold everyone to the same standard. Question:   What is the ideal combination of recommendation letters? Answer: There is no real ideal combination, it really depends on the applicant; however let me elaborate a bit on the subject.   Recommendation letters should come from one of two sources: academic or professional. In other words, from individuals who have supervised you in the classroom or in the work place. “Work place” is a broad term. The work place could include internships, volunteer work, or paid full-time work. Sometimes unpaid work is much more in alignment with an applicant’s goals and if you are choosing to do something and not get paid for it, this shows a great deal of dedication and commitment. Since SIPA is a professional school it makes sense that we would like to see at least one professional letter of recommendation. The only combination we really do not recommend is three academic letters of recommendation. An applicant that submits three academic letters is basically telling us that there is no one from the professional world that can comment on their ability and qualifications for graduate school. Beyond this advice, any combination will do. If you have been out of school for several years, do not feel compelled to go back and get a letter of recommendation from a professor who did not really know you or that you have not been in contact with. We would much rather receive letters from those that know you and that you have been in contact with in some capacity. If you had fabulous relationships with a few professors two letters of recommendation from professors is fine. Question:   Do you have general advice concerning the content of the letters? Answer: Yes!   The best letters of recommendation go beyond addressing your character and include specific information on your potential to succeed in our program. This is best accomplished through specific examples. When you talk with those writing letters for you, please tell them to include examples of your competence. It is one thing to say that someone is smart and capable; it is another to provide solid examples of intelligence and ability in the work place or in the classroom. Be sure that you speak with those writing letters on your behalf and clarify this point. If you put yourself in my shoes, my job as the Director of Admission is to quantify your ability to do well in our program.   A letter that contains examples of work performed will better allow me to identify your ability and potential.   The Admissions Committee has to make tough calls (admission is a competition after all) and sometimes it can come down to the quality of the content contained in the recommendation letters. Question:   How can those submitting the letters submit them? Answer: When you start your online application you will be asked to enter the names and emails addresses of the three individuals you have chosen to submit letters on your behalf.   When you submit this information our system automatically sends the person an email with specific details on how to submit their letter. Our preference is that those submitting letters do so through our application site.   In the email that is sent, there are specific instructions for the recommender to follow.   They will visit a web site and upload a copy of the letter.   This is the fastest and most convenient way.   We are not into ceremony pretty letterhead and a wet signature are of no consequence in our decision making. When a letter is uploaded, it will be matched to your application and you will be able to see that it has been submitted.   Thus this method is also nice for you, because if your recommender submits the letter via the web site, you will know in real time (if you log into your application) if it has been received. Yes, recommenders can mail letters to us, but this slows the process down.   If a letter is delivered to our office we generally do not seek to match it to a file until after the deadline (January 5th) passes.   Thus there will be a little bit of tension on your part.   You will think, Have all of my letters arrived?   Unfortunately we cannot dedicate the time to tracking letters prior to the submission of an admission application.   If a letter is mailed, it can be sent to the following address: Office of Admissions and Financial Aid Columbia University SIPA 420 West 118th Street 4th Floor Room 408 New York, NY   10027 As far as to whom to address the letter to, it does not really matter.   Popular choices include The Admission Committee, To Whom it May Concern, or Matt Clemons. Question:   Should I wait to submit my application until all of the letters of recommendation have been received? Answer: No.   Applicants should not be concerned if an application is submitted before a letter or letters of recommendation have been received.   What ultimately matters is that both your application and the letters are submitted by the deadline of January 5th at midnight EST. So, do not worry if letters of recommendation have yet to be submitted when submitting your application, you may submit your application prior to letters of recommendation being received. Question:   What if a person wishes to write a letter in a language other than English?   Is this okay? Answer: Yes, it is okay if a person writes a letter in a language other than English, however that letter will need to be translated into English, and not by you.     Letters of recommendation are confidential and you cannot translate your own letter. If someone wishes to write a letter in another language, ask that they have the letter translated by either an employee they work with or a certified translator.   The person who translates the letter should include their name and email address so we can get in touch with him/her if necessary. ____________________ A final note is to encourage those submitting letters on your behalf to do so as early as possible.   An application that does not have all documents submitted by the deadline does not look professional.   We understand that the submission of letters of recommendation is beyond the control of applicants and we are willing to work with applicants when unusual circumstances lead to the late submission of letters, however we do take note when documents come in after the stated deadline.

I am about to set forth on career that I hope, will help...

I am about to set forth on career that I hope, will help me realize the full potential of my innate talents and be stimulating and challenging, But before I embark, I must equip myself with the necessary skills and achieve this, Study will be an essential tool in the kit and not a fancy decoration. Everyone is a pioneer, but only few realize it. I am one of the few who has pertinently realized the need for having a revolutionary perspective and vision on the forthcoming creations of science that would affect our living in more than one way. â€Å"In short people see hints and ask why, but I see thinks and ask why not† This has been my frame of mind since childhood. I have always asked questions and been inquisitive of everything around me. I†¦show more content†¦Having a remarkable growth and by providing a great infrastructure, KEC has provided me the best chance of becoming a complete professional. I opted for â€Å"computer science Engineering â€Å" as my major field of study. I have learned and gained knowledge about many things starting with software and the 21st century technical advancement. Why Graduate study: The frontiers of software technology are expanding very rapidly with time. This undergraduate program of mine did give me a taste for different interesting subjects that leads to compose a gamut of computer science and Engineering but never the satisfaction of savoring any one of them. Hence my decision is to continue with graduate studies. I strongly believe that graduate study is not Just extension of undergraduate work but a unique learning experience through which one evolves from a student to a researcher. I also believe that graduate education will provide both technical knowledge experience and expertise needed to deal with rapidly expanding technology and help me to contribute my mite to develop new technologies. Thus I intended to pursue graduate studies. 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William Dunham s Journey Through Genius - 1432 Words

The author of Journey through Genius, William Dunham, begins this chapter by depicting how mathematics was spurred and developed in early civilizations. Dunham focuses primarily on the works’ and achievements’ of early Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece in this section. These ancient societies, as they developed, produced mathematicians such as; Thales, Pythagoras, and Hippocrates, who turned a basic human intuition for space and quantity into applicable everyday mathematics. The primary influences driving the development of early mathematics were the issues of growing civilizations, most notably counting commodities, taxation, and the division of land equally, rather than a pure desire for understanding that is seen in mathematics today. These influences culminated in the development of early arithmetic and geometry. The first civilization that is discussed is early Egypt. Records have been found referring to mathematics done in Egypt showing a rudimentary understanding o f the Pythagorean Theorem as it pertains to the construction of triangles with whole number sides before the creation of the Pythagorean Theorem. An example lies in an ancient Egyptian construction of a rope with knots forming 12 evenly spaced segments along the length of the rope. They knew if a triangle having sides of 5, 4, and 3 segments was formed it would form a triangle containing a right angle. However, it is important to state that evidence has not been found that ancient Egyptians understood exactlyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson E ducation, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Marvin Bower Free Essays

The late Marvin Bower, who transformed McKinsey Co. into one of the best management consulting firms in the world, said that the â€Å"ability to inspire and require workers to be their best is the greatest resource of any business, and that the rewards for doing so include growth for the business itself, and growth in competitive position, size, and profits† (Edersheim, 2004, p. 65). We will write a custom essay sample on Marvin Bower or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much literature about theories of motivation and work relate to the subject of inspiring employees to do their best (Gagne and Deci, 2005; Ambrose and Kulik, 1999). This paper explores how managers can use theories of motivating employees to make the workplace better, more profitable, and efficient. A manager’s job is to get things done through their employees, so knowing how to motivate employees is always a challenge that has never been easy. Many changes driven by worldwide social and economic forces are happening at the workplace. The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s and the globalization of businesses are transforming corporations – public and private, large and small – in a radical way (Stiglitz, 2002). Global competition and the rise of democracy are pressuring companies to be more competitive, agile, and lean, changing the nature of organizational structures and the relationships between managers and workers (Micklethwait Wooldridge, 2000). Another change agent is the progress of information and communications technology, especially the Internet and mobile computing, which has altered the nature of communication within the organization and the quality of the workforce. Workers are more educated and knowledgeable, able to gain quick access to information and perform knowledge-based tasks in an atmosphere of teamwork and collaboration (Heerwagen, Kelly, Kampshroer, 2005). As the workplace structure and the workers themselves change, management faces the problem posed by Gerstner (2002) after a successful ten-year effort to bring IBM Corporation out of a crisis: -How do you pull the levers of motivation to change the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of a population? Of course, different people are motivated by different things. Some by money. Some by advancement. Some by recognition. For some, the most effective motivation is fear – or anger. For others, that doesn’t (sic) work; it’s learning, or the opportunity to make an impact, to see their efforts produce concrete results. Most people can be roused by the threat of extinction. And most can be inspired by a compelling vision of the future. Over the past ten years, I’ve pulled most of those levers (p. 203). Effectively changing the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of workers demands that a manager knows what levers of motivation to pull in the first place. Much research has been done to identify empirically-proven theories and methods that managers can use to motivate their employees (Gagne and Deci, 2005, p. 333). Maslow proposed that a person is motivated by satisfying five levels of human needs: (1) physiological (hunger and thirst); (2) safety (bodily); (3) social (friendship and affiliation); (4) esteem (for oneself and others); and (5) self-actualization (growth and realization of potential) (Chapman, 2004a). Herzberg stated that work satisfaction results from the presence of hygiene factors like salary, status, working conditions, supervisor and management, security, relationship with subordinates, and policies, and motivational factors like achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and personal growth. A worker will be satisfied if the motivation factors are met (Chapman, 2004c). According to Adams’s Equity Theory, what workers put into their work (inputs) is fairly balanced with what they expect to get out of it (outputs). Motivation will get the most out of employee inputs like personal effort and hard work by making the employee see it balanced by outputs (salary, benefits, and intangibles like praise and achievement) (Chapman, 2004b). Vroom’s Expectancy Theory states that three factors should be present for motivation to take place: valence (value placed on the expected reward), expectancy (belief that efforts are linked to performance), and instrumentality (belief that performance is related to rewards). Knowing each employee’s valence and expectancy, and showing the instrumentality between the two, will help the manager trigger the motivation of the employee. Porter and Lawler built on Vroom’s theory by proposing a model of intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, which states that people are intrinsically motivated if they do something they find interesting and from which they derive satisfaction, and that people are extrinsically motivated if they do the activity because they are satisfied with the tangible or verbal rewards attached (Gagne and Deci, 2005, p. 331). Schwab (1985) equates this with Herzberg’s motivation (intrinsic) and hygiene (extrinsic) factors but contemporary authors claim that it is closer to Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (Ambrose and Kulik, 1999, p. 257). All these theories may be said to be based on Skinner’s reinforcement theory, which states that behavior can be shaped, changed or maintained through the use of positive and negative reinforcement, implying that a person can behave in a certain way through the use of motivational levers. Motivation can be used to improve employee performance and productivity. As Bruce and Pepitone (1999, pp. 38-42) point out, employees can be motivated to do their work better, that is, improve their work performance, and to work more efficiently and more effectively, that is, improve their productivity. One way is to share information (like profit and loss or quality of service) on how your department is doing in comparison with others in or outside the company. Asking employees to help you solve a problem appeals to their need for self-actualization (Maslow) and helps them set high personal standards of growth and potential. You may motivate them with bonuses (Vroom’s rewards or Adams’s outputs) they will get if performance improves.   Use the tools depending on what you think your employees need. This first step can make your employees want to improve their performance and be more productive. Getting employees warmed up is good, but it is not enough. After getting them initially motivated, the manager has to help each one establish and achieve higher goals. Motivation can be a useful tool in goal-setting by pointing out targets that will bring employees out of their comfort zones to attain personal growth. Hiam (1999, pp. 213-216), warning us against confusing goal-setting sessions with employee manipulation, states that the motivational key is to make employee realize that aiming for a higher goal is good for different reasons, presenting both tangible (pay raise and bonus) and intangible (self-esteem and personal growth) rewards. Some employees are motivated by financial rewards, but many are equally motivated by seeing that their work is meaningful (Hiam, 1999, p. 222). In discussing the rewards of work, Bruce and Pepitone (1999, p.53) state that if employees are properly motivated and helped by their managers to aim for higher goals and succeed in achieving it, employees will feel that the work they do is fun and enjoyable, making it part of the reward itself that they are willing to share with the organization.   In effect, work becomes its own reward. Heller (1998, p.43) adds that motivation is a useful tool not only when setting higher work performance goals but in assessing the success or failure of employee efforts. Employee evaluation and assessment can be a forum for further motivation in two areas: to encourage the employee to build on strengths and accomplishments, leading the way for higher levels of future performance, or for helping the employee overcome personal weaknesses that hamper job performance. Through the use of positive reinforcement (praise and encouragement for success and achievement) and negative reinforcement (suggestions for improvement or behavioral change), managers can sustain organizational morale and help employees overcome falling enthusiasm or a lack of personal ambition. Hiam (1999, p. 122) notes that positive feedback (â€Å"You can do it because you’re good enough †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) is more motivating than negative feedback (â€Å"Why can’t you do something that others can?†) and encourages managers to use positive reinforcement to build up employee motivation and morale, although negative reinforcement (not the same as negative feedback) may be helpful for disciplining or correcting employees. Boosting self-confidence is one of the best ways to maintain high levels of motivation in employees (Bruce Pepitone, 1999, p. 114). The reason is that people grow in confidence when they see that someone, especially one in a position of authority, believes in them. This creates expectations that, as we learn from Vroom and Porter, motivate people. Therefore, a manager who believes in his employees can sustain high levels of motivation. Doing the opposite (showing lack of confidence and trust) can be fatal for the organization and the career of a manager whose task is to motivate and, therefore, trust and believe in his employees. It is a scientifically-proven fact that men and women are different (Ridley, 1999). They differ also in their motivation styles. Several studies (Su and Bradberry, 2004; Marano, 2003; Sachs, 1995) show how women and men differ (for example, women are more intuitive and perceptive, while men are more systematic and rules-based) in their communication and social skills, vital for the process of motivation. While men find it easier to motivate using the basic needs and tangible rewards, and women may be better at using higher level needs and intangible factors, all good managers, regardless of gender, should combine the ability to motivate using all the tools available (Gerstner, 2002; Sachs, 1995). References Ambrose, M. L. Kulik, C. T. (1999). Old friends, new faces: motivation research in the 1990s.   Journal of Management. 25, 231-292. Bruce, A. and Pepitone, J. (1999).   Motivating Employees.   New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapman, A.   (2004a).   Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.   Retrieved November 11, 2005, from http://www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm Chapman, A. (2004b).   Adams’ Equity Theory. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from   http://www.businessballs.com/adamsequitytheory.htm Chapman, A.   (2004c).   Frederick Herzberg’s Motivational Theory. Retrieved November 11, 2005, from http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm Edersheim, E. H.   (2004).   McKinsey’s Marvin Bower.   Vision, Leadership, and the Creation of Management Consulting.   (pp. 41-65).   New Jersey: John Wiley. Gagne, M. and Deci, E.L. (2005).   Self-determination theory and work motivation.   Journal of Organizational Behavior.   26, 331-362. Retrieved November Gerstner, L. V. Jr. (2002).   Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance?   (p. 203). New York: HarperCollins. Heerwagen, J., Kelly, K., and Kampshroer, K. (2005).   The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, and Workplace. National Institute of Building Sciences.   Retrieved November 12, 2005, from http://www.wbdg.org/design/chngorgwork.php Heller, R. (1998).   Essential Managers: Motivating People. (1st American ed.)   D. Tombesi-Walton (Ed.). New York: DK. Hiam, A. (1999).   Streetwise Motivating and Rewarding Employees.   Holbrook, MA: Adams. Marano, H. E. (July-August 2003). The New Sex Scorecard. Psychology Today.   Retrieved November 15, 2005, from http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-2832.html Micklethwait, J. and Wooldridge, A.   (2000).   A Future Perfect.   The Challenge and Hidden Promise of Globalization. (pp. 122-139). New York: Crown. Ridley, M. (1999).   Genome, The autobiography of a species in 23 chapters. (pp. 216-218). New York: HarperCollins. Sachs, M. (1995). Men and women communication styles. Retrieved November 14, 2005, from http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5280.html Schwab, D. P. (1985).   Motivation in Organizations.   In L. R. Bittel and J. E. Ramsey (Eds.), Handbook for Professional Managers. (p. 585).   New York: McGraw-Hill. Stiglitz, J. E.   (2002).   Globalization and its Discontents.   (pp. 21-22). London: Penguin. Su, L. D. and Bradberry, T. (2004).   EQ and Gender: Women Feel Smarter.   Retrieved November 15, 2005, from   https://www.talentsmart.com/media/uploads/EQ_and_Gender.pdf Wikipedia (2005).   Retrieved November 12, 2005, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/    How to cite Marvin Bower, Essay examples

Eco-Toxicology Ecocatalytical Demotechnician

Question: Describe about the Eco-Toxicology for Ecocatalytical Demotechnician. Answer: Jack Vallentyne is considered one of the pioneering scientists of modern century in terms of his significant contributions towards the study of the aquatic ecosystems and empowering the public and the children regarding the various environmental issues that seem to thwart the ecological equilibrium. He is particularly famous as a limnologist and is co-credited with the foundation of a large scientific community named the Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society (AEHMS) embarking in its journey in the year 1989 that is still following on the footsteps of this great visionary. Subsequently a primary journal AEHM, then called as the Journal of Aquatic ecosystem Health, came into circulation from the year 1992. The AEHMS was set up to fulfill the vital objectives of endorsing and adopting the theme of ecosystem health, knowledge enrichment and better understanding concerning the health and management of marine and freshwater ecosystems, investigating and assessing the structure, o peration and performance of the aquatic ecosystems (Munawar, 2013). This prolific personality throughout his eventful career made relentless efforts to environment conservation, restoration and management of aquatic resources and simultaneously conducted mass awareness programs to spread the message of preservation of the natural laws and surroundings. The AEHMS initiated under the patronage of great visionaries like that of Jake Vallentyne has now successfully passed over 20 years and continues to make a difference in the global context through execution of journals, compendium books, symposia and scientific seminars. Jake played distinguished part by virtue of introducing the novel concept of ecosystem approach to research and environmental preservation. Johny Biosphere Project was the brainchild of this philosophy and Jake served to educate the school children through this method. However, he gained maximum popularity through his anti-eutrophication and phosphorus abatement campa igns that has been neatly documented in his book The Algal Bowl (1974). His campaigns were found to be effective as the phosphorus content in the laundry detergents underwent mitigation soon after. Moreover in addition to influencing the general public about the environmental concerns, he influenced the policymaking in a very noteworthy manner, evident in the revision of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) that laid emphasis upon holistic and global outlook measures (Minns, 2013). Jack Vallentyne also performed the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) program that aimed to evaluate the trophic state and strategies for the control of cultural eutrophication in the lower Great Lakes, experimental eutrophication studies on small lakes to find out the quantitative associations, overall ecological impacts, prevalence of nutrient pollutants and remedial measures. Conduction of comparative analyses with respect to trophic conditions in numerous Canadian lakes to detect the influence of anthropogenic, geologic, climatic and morphometric factors on eutrophication in conjunction to laboratory tests, toxicity studies, bioassays utilizing freshwater organisms were among the other projected objectives of the ELA. Acid rain and the threats of acidification of the lakes were also thoroughly analyzed through ELA. In a nutshell, the ELA provided a snapshot of the water pollution status through nutrient enrichment or eutrophication of the water bodies like that of small natural lakes that provided crucial information pertinent to ecological responses to environmental alterations (Ramsay Walters, 2016). Studies relevant to perceiving the situations encountered due to the ecogenic challenges in the Great Laurentian Basin suggest that identification and rectification of bad fishing and environmental practices can aid to achieve sustainable high value fisheries in addition to the diagnosis of the observed degradation of the aquatic ecosystems to prevent harmful, interacting stresses and also understand and assess the influence of climate warming on the cold blooded fishes (Regier, 2013). Thus the application of the ecosystem approach as proposed by Dr. Vallentyne found reflection in present studies as well. Apart from the aquatic life study, Dr. Vallentyne made his pragmatic mark in the demographic study as well. His insightful opinions regarding the human overpopulation and its consecutive environmental consequences may be retrieved through his writings in the book called Tragedy in Mouse Utopia. His thoughts correlate to the recent population related issues such as immigration and the evaluation of the environmentally sustainable population levels (Hurlbert, 2012). Pertaining to the population study the improvisation of the demotechnic index by Jack Vallentyne may be referred to for comprehensively understanding and estimating the impacts of humans on environment by taking into account both the population numbers as well as the rates of consumption. The changes in the demographic pattern may be attributed to the climate change, food crisis, energy crisis and the growing dearth of fresh water and thereby necessitates the utilization of the demotechnic index to plan and develop ways to address the scenario holistically (Ryerson, 2012). Jack Vallentyne can thus be revered as a true philanthropist and scientist whose pragmatic and time befitting contributions will render profound benefits to mankind in the long term provided his prophetic deductions and recommendations are carried over via worthy legacy. References: Hurlbert, S. H. (2012). Tribute to an obnoxious ecocatalytical demotechnician: Jack Vallentyne on population. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 12(1), 21-34. Minns, C. K. (2013). Congratulations to Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society on its 20th anniversary. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 16(2), 156-157. Munawar, M. (2013). State of the Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society: A chronicle of its initiation, growth, and advancement. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 16(2), 125-129. Ramsay, M., Walters, W. (2016). Science as a Visible Public: The case of the Experimental Lakes Area. Regier, H. A. (2013). Perspectives on an ecosystem approach to ecogenic challenges in the Great Laurentian Basin and beyond. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management, 16(1), 6-19. Ryerson, W. N. (2012). Vallentyne was right: achieving sustainability requires accounting for all relevant factors. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 12(1), 5-13.

The Ever-Changing American Culture Essays - Organized Crime

The Ever-Changing American Culture The Ever-changing American Culture As Americans, we used to worry little about war, having enough to eat, travel, freedom, and our most basic everyday activities. The tragic events of September 11, 2001 have forever changed the American way of life. We have now become more concerned with our physical health because of the few cases of anthrax and the possibility of more biological warfare. We also worry about nuclear warfare and the effects it could have on our health and environment. Americans have certainly become more patriotic and involved with their families since September 11. Most of us watch the news diligently to learn of any defeat the United States has accomplished in Afghanistan. Many of us are avoiding the airlines and are not spending very much money. This has helped push the economy further on the downward slope. The stock exchange hit bottom on September 21 in the 8100 range and is now back over 9900, which is right at the cusp of being a bull market (Pellegrini). Oil prices have been dropping rapidly and are now around 17 dollars a barrel, which will help to boost our slowing economy. Unemployment rates will unfortunately probably remain the same. Manpower, Inc. said Monday that its survey of United States companies' hiring intentions for the first three months of 2002 barely registered a pulse, a weakness not seen since the recessionary early months of 1991. Unemployment numbers will continue to climb up through the winter and spring even as and if a recovery takes hold (Pellegrini). Our commitment together to boost the nation's economy will ensure a bright future. America's future seems to be based on our new ideas formed since September 11, but yet we still carry on the problems of the past. There is still many Americans living in poverty. There is still illegal drugs that infest our nation with addiction and crime that encircles the drug trade. There are many children not getting a good education and many of whom who are fearful of violence at our schools. It is up to us as Americans to face these problems head on now more than ever before. The nation's most important problems to tackle and change are our illegal drug problem, the lack of good education for those of all ages, and to end the terrorist situation. The United States War on Drugs has done little to stop the sources of the problem and has only persecuted the user. The nation's children are often trying these illegal drugs at early ages despite drug education. These children also happen to lack in nearly every subject when compared to other nations around the globe. Many of the free nations of the world are dealing with terrorism and we all hope for a solution that will prevent any further violent acts committed against innocent people. The situation in Afghanistan actually began in 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded their country. The United States funded money to the mujahedin, or holy warriors, in the name of stopping communism. From this support, Afghanistan was able to defeat the Soviet Union in 1989. Yet the country became very unstable after the war. Political power was fluctuating often and leaders came in and out of power rapidly. Farmers resorted to growing many drugs such as poppies and marijuana and sold them around the globe. Cities were annihilated. Over five million Afghanis fled to other countries in search of a better life. When the Afghanis turned to the United States for help in rebuilding our country, we refused. This caused great anger amongst the Afghani people directed toward the United States. This also lead to Mullah Mohammod Omar, the current leader of Afghanistan, to form a ground of men to rebuild his country. They are now known as the Taliban. Omar's personal description is, A simple ban d of dedicated youths determined to establish the laws of God on Earth and prepared to sacrifice everything in pursuit of that goal. The Taliban have many radical believes including the idea of the never ending holy war or, jihad. Since the original forming of the Taliban, they have taken over 90 percent of Afghanistan with some assistance from Pakistan. Now that

Free Essays on Luke’s Significance In The Scriptures

Luke’s Significance in the Scriptures If I were lucky enough to lecture students on Luke’s Gospel, simply discussing the factual aspect of his writings would not do him, nor Jesus, any justice. Along with it being a great depiction of Jesus’ life from his conception until his resurrection, Luke’s Gospel teaches lessons Jesus used through His teachings to better educate His followers of what it takes to eventually be a part of God’s kingdom. Such information would be seemingly too broad to understand within the confines of a book, however Luke masterfully combines all of these facts into one story with numerous lessons, leaving it as a difficult task for an educator to select which aspects of it to cover. The third Gospel, written by Luke, presents The Son of Man through a human form as Jesus. Jesus’ life on Earth could be broken down into three parts: Jesus’ birth, Jesus’ preaching, and Jesus’ death and resurrection. These three aspects of His life are the vocal points for what modern day Theologians seem to focus on in their own teaching, so it would be nonsensical for me to refrain from using them within my own. It must also be acknowledged that much of what Jesus endured through His lifetime teaches a point so after discussing the actual happenings of a particular event, it is necessary to discuss its intentions for us. Concerning Jesus’ birth, I would teach students how His birth had both simil- rities and differences to our own. Mary went through pregnancy carrying a fetus for nine Kearney 2 months, as women always have, though she was never actually impregnated. The Angel Gabriel visited Mary to bear some unexpected news, telling her that, â€Å"†¦you have found favor with God. Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son† (CSB 99). Mary was a virgin, although God gave her the power to conceive a chi... Free Essays on Luke’s Significance In The Scriptures Free Essays on Luke’s Significance In The Scriptures Luke’s Significance in the Scriptures If I were lucky enough to lecture students on Luke’s Gospel, simply discussing the factual aspect of his writings would not do him, nor Jesus, any justice. Along with it being a great depiction of Jesus’ life from his conception until his resurrection, Luke’s Gospel teaches lessons Jesus used through His teachings to better educate His followers of what it takes to eventually be a part of God’s kingdom. Such information would be seemingly too broad to understand within the confines of a book, however Luke masterfully combines all of these facts into one story with numerous lessons, leaving it as a difficult task for an educator to select which aspects of it to cover. The third Gospel, written by Luke, presents The Son of Man through a human form as Jesus. Jesus’ life on Earth could be broken down into three parts: Jesus’ birth, Jesus’ preaching, and Jesus’ death and resurrection. These three aspects of His life are the vocal points for what modern day Theologians seem to focus on in their own teaching, so it would be nonsensical for me to refrain from using them within my own. It must also be acknowledged that much of what Jesus endured through His lifetime teaches a point so after discussing the actual happenings of a particular event, it is necessary to discuss its intentions for us. Concerning Jesus’ birth, I would teach students how His birth had both simil- rities and differences to our own. Mary went through pregnancy carrying a fetus for nine Kearney 2 months, as women always have, though she was never actually impregnated. The Angel Gabriel visited Mary to bear some unexpected news, telling her that, â€Å"†¦you have found favor with God. Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son† (CSB 99). Mary was a virgin, although God gave her the power to conceive a chi...

The Impacts of Human Resources on the Performance and Motivation of Literature review

The Impacts of Human Resources on the Performance and Motivation of the Employees - Literature review Example Employee turnover or dropout is one of the major problems facing by the current organizations. Many organizations measure the success and failures of their HRM based on the rate of employee dropouts. In other words, better HRM policies motivate the employees to continue in the organization whereas poor HRM policies force them to leave out. In the past, employees were more interested in getting decent salaries whereas at present they are not only interested in good salaries but also in getting a proper work environment. HRM is responsible for providing better work environments for the employees. In short, better HRM policies always motivate employees to improve their performances and to stick with the organization for longer periods. â€Å"It is a widely accepted premise that retention and productivity of workers is a function of how well the individual is motivated† (Lord, 2002, p.3). This literature review analyses various theories related to the importance of HRM in improvin g employee efficiencies and reducing employee turnover rates. Recent research has highlighted a so-called "prime building block" of HRM – the principle of "AMO". There must be sufficient employees with the necessary ABILITY to do the job; there must be adequate MOTIVATION for them to apply their abilities; and there must be the OPPORTUNITY for them to engage in "discretionary behaviour" – to make choices about how their job is done (Buchan, 2004, p.3). All human actions, irrespective of good or bad, are based on some kind of motivations. For example, a killer may have some motives or reasons for killing. The same way a student may study well to get a job or recognition in the society. In short, motivation is necessary for all human actions. The cases of the employees are also not an exception. Employees need some kind of motivation to perform better. In other words, in the absence of motivation employees may work as passive elements whereas motivation forces them to wo rk in an active manner. HRM is responsible for injecting motivation in the minds of the employees. In certain cases, rewards can motivate employees whereas in other cases, punishments could be a better option.

Usability of a Principles of Marketing Course in the Field of Research Paper

Usability of a Principles of Marketing Course in the Field of Information Technology Project Management - Research Paper Example Project stakeholders as well as the target group will only be aware of the progress following the project marketing. This is where the Principles of Marketing Course comes in. it is very important in this field in various other ways. The course gives solid foundation on marketing management principles and the relationship with marketing research which is very vital in the field of information technology project management (Autor, 2000). Principles of Marketing Course can be used in the field of information technology project management in defining tasks of marketing management and process planning that will be used in delivering the project goals and objectives to the stakeholders and the clients. The course can also be used in explaining and defining the research methods and the primary marketing information need in the management of the project. Through this course, a specialist in the field of information technology project management will be able to market effectively and efficiently in order to capture the attention and interest of the stakeholders, who are concerned with the results of the project (Autor,

Principles of Maritime Administration and Policy

Principles of Maritime Administration and Policy I. Introduction Clearly stated in Article 94 UNCLOS 1982 that one of the duties of flag state is to take such measures for ships flying its flag as are necessary to ensure safety at sea, which required to conform to generally accepted international regulations (UNCLOS, 1982). Having consider that States should not only become party to the convention, but also fully implemented their obligations, IMO establish Resolution A.996(25) Code for the Implementation of Mandatory IMO Instruments. Based on this code, there are strategies that should be developed by the States in order to achieve objective of the code, which is enhancing global maritime safety and protection of marine environment (IMO, 2007). Indonesia through its maritime administration should establish system which develop this strategy to fulfill their duty as flag state. This paper try to compare four strategies mention in Resolution A.996(25) with system established in Indonesia in general; and specifically explore the consequence of the c ode for Indonesia in terms of casualty investigation. II. Strategy for enhancing maritime safety and protection of marine environment Based on Resolution A.996(25), there are 4 strategies should be developed by the States. First strategy, implementation and enforcement of IMO convention; Implementation of flag state responsibility cover many aspect, such as convention interpretation, education and manning, flag state inspection, certification issues,   authorization and monitoring RO, and casualty investigation. However, these implementation and enforcement are fully depends on ability and willingness of member parties. Contracting Governments enforce the provisions of IMO conventions as far as their own ships are concerned and also set the penalties for infringements, where these are applicable (IMO, 2009). Ratify a Convention and bring it into full and complete effect through internal law is not easy for contracting government. To establish effective maritime legislation, after set it up, it should be easy to change and keep updated with IMO change, set up IMO legislative tracking, attend IMO meeting and m aintain effective communication with other parts of government (Belcher, 2009). Survey and certification is one of the ways to enforce standard developed by administration. In some cases, countries which are lack of expertise and experience have found convenience in delegating their functions to Recognized Organizations (Villanueva, 2004). Many developed administrations also decided to delegate part of their function to RO, in order to effectively expand their capabilities on worldwide basis. RO such as classification society have believed as professional solution for global surveyor network and technical expertise (Schlott, 2009). However, some problems arise regarding statutory work delegation. For example, audit of Denmark shows the needs of more effective monitoring of statutory survey record held by RO (VIMSAS-Denmark, 2007). Therefore in term of authorization, Maritime Administration should fully refer to Resolution A.789(19) â€Å"Specifications on the survey and certification functions of recognized organizations acting on behalf of   administrat ions† and Resolution A.739(18) â€Å"Guidelines for the authorization of organizations acting on behalf of the administration† (Schlott, 2009). Second strategy, adherence to international recommendations; apart from Mandatory instrument such as Load Lines, SOLAS and COLREG, flag state should also refer to international recommendation such as IMO resolution or circular which contain guidelines or other non mandatory code. Thirdly is continuous review and verification of international obligation compliance effectiveness. One way of review is by evaluating port state control statistics. PSC usually published annual reports that contain statistics on the performance of flag States and RO. Casualty statistics also can give picture of compliance effectiveness. In addition, comprehensive measurement of flag State ability to enact and effectively enforce maritime legislation is through Voluntary IMO Member State Audit Scheme. The importance of VIMSAS in verification of flag State compliance is emphasized by IMO (Mansell, 2009). Purpose of VIMSAS is not to shame or point a finger at a state, but to assist them in fulfilling their duties and obligations which promotes flag State performance. The result of this audit is known only to the State concerned, auditors and IMO secretariat, and reports from audits are published as anonymous (Franson, 2009). Last strategy is achievement, maintenance and improvement of overall organizational performance and capability. Human resource development will influence organizational performance; and good quality system can assure achievement and maintenance of organization performance. Administration can apply ISO 90001 or other equivalent quality system. Furthermore, improvement can be done through introduce new public management principle. It is move away from administration to achievement of result, change from classic bureaucracy to flexibility and defines organizational and personal objectives through measurable performance indicator (Schrà ¶der, 2008). Although almost impossible to implement all of NPM strategies, many administration in developing countries are implementing selected aspects of NPM notably granting more autonomy to public sector organizations, emphasis on results, accountability for performance and results, introduce competition, contracting, and customer orientation (Singh ,2001). Multi-state cooperation for capacity-building is one example of new public management implementation to overcome the limitation of organization through international cooperation (Manuel, 2009). III. Flag state implementation in Indonesia Indonesia is a huge Archipelago country comprised of 17508 islands, with 5.8 million square kilometres total area of sea and 95181 km length of coast line (Indonesian Maritime Committee, 2008). This given condition generates high dependency on maritime transportation and also obstacle to develop high qualified and reliable maritime transportation system. Three main strategies in maritime transportation development of Indonesia for 2009 are improvement of national transportation service, improving safety and security of maritime transportation and improving quality of human resources (Ministry of Transportation, 2009). Indonesia also published long term development strategies 2005-2025 for maritime safety, inter alia, maintain traffic scheme, monitoring seaworthiness and vessel status regularly, assessment of technical aspect and operational of vessel, controlling implementation of planned maintenance systems, developing crew career, monitoring environmental protection and improving S AR operation (Ministry,2008a). Specific short term target are explained in roadmap of maritime transportation safety improvement for 2006-2009 plans which include facilities, law enforcement, regulation, restructure organization, human resource, institution revitalization and community socialization (Ministry,2008b). Specifically as a flag state, Indonesia is bound to the obligation of flag state duties as mention in UNCLOS. Based on Transportation Information Book 2007, Indonesia has 7,237 national fleets in 2007 (Ministry, 2008c). Compare to the world, Indonesia is in number 11 in merchant marine with 971 vessels in 2008 (CIA,2009). To maintain and assure that all vessels have fully complied with regulation is not easy task for Indonesia. As 4 strategies mentioned in Resolution A.996(25) which should be established, some are fulfilled and some are not yet accomplished. a. Implementation and enforcement Indonesia already ratify several conventions such as SOLAS 74 protocol 78, Load Line 66, Tonnage 69, COLREG 72, STCW 78, MARPOL 73/78 Annex I/II and some other convention such as CSC, STP, Facilitation and INMARSAT (IMO,2009a). Ratification processes are take time since it has to be legalizing through parliaments. However, although there are some conventions, protocol or annex not yet ratified, Indonesia always try to keep in track to recent important regulation development. For example, as mention in roadmap of maritime transportation safety improvement, Indonesia has continuous improvement in ISPS and ISM implementation (Ministry, 2008b). In terms of classification, Directorate General of Sea Transportation give authority to Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia regards hull construction, electrical and machinery. Other aspect such as radio communication and safety equipment are inspected by Directorate through their Marine Inspector (Rusdi,2009). This multiple classifications should not be a problem if every part of regulation is strictly implemented. However, often people argue that BKIs position is not helped by its close links with the Ministry of Transportation, where decisions are often described as politically-motivated (Indonesian Class, 2007). Indonesia also tries to improve law enforcement such as technical audit to passenger vessel and ro-ro ferry, sanction for careless harbourmaster and marine inspector, licence revocation for negligent operator and condition assessment survey for safety requirement in ro-ro ferry which older than 25 years. In 2007, there are 4 official and 1 operator were sanctioned (Ministry, 2008b). Unfortunately, in several cases, inadequate safety equipments are still founded. For example, in KM Levina accident case, it was proved that the sprinkle can not work. Ironically, for safety equipment certificate, the ship have complete certificate. There are possibilities that safety equipment not carefully inspected (Rusdi, 2009). As Gunther, chairman of interferry, comments that many problem are caused by poor operator administration (High waves, 2009). This problem should be cover by port clearing requirement; therefore, law enforcement should be much stricter. b. Adherence to international recommendations Overall, Indonesia has trying to implement and enforce mandatory instrument; however, Indonesia should more pay attention to international recommendation. Although ISPS are not cover in Resolution A.996(25), ISPS code including Part B which is not mandatory is one example of recommendation that already implemented in Indonesia.   Indonesia already established International Ship and Port Facilities Security since 1st July 2004 (Ministry, 2008a). c. Review and verification of the effectiveness Port state control data, accident statistics and audit are the ways to review and verify flag state implementation effectiveness.   Unfortunately, port state control statistic for Indonesian vessel not gives good news. In Tokyo MoU annual report 2008, Indonesia is in 6th place in highest detention report with 19.14% or 40 detentions. With 634 inspections from 2006 to 2008 there are 123 detentions which put Indonesia in black list.   However, Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia can prove that they have better performance, which in Tokyo MoU, BKI has medium performance level (Tokyo MoU, 2009). Number of vessel accident in Indonesia also relatively high. Figure 1 shows the statistics from 2003 to 2008. It tends to increase from 2003 to 2007 and the highest number occurs in 2007 with 145 accidents. However it shows good progress when in 2008, number of accident sharp decrease to 44 accidents. This probably prove that after second biggest ferry disaster in Indonesia, Senopati   Nusantara, happened at the end of 2006, government trying hard to improve vessel safety in Indonesia. Furthermore, Indonesia has not yet volunteered for VIMSAS. Apart of realizing that some obligation not yet fulfilled, one of the problems is probably cost which should be afforded for the audit. However this problem should not be as a reason to refrain from applying the audit. Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme (ITCP) can provide assistance to prepare audits and/or implement corrective measures in response to audit findings and, if necessary, funding part of the cost for the audit (Franson, 2009). Considering benefit of this audit, applying VIMSAS could be the starting point for Indonesia to find the right solution. d. Achievement, maintenance and improvement of overall organizational performance and capability In order to ensure achievement and maintenance of organizational performance, Indonesia realized urgency of improving human resource development. Since 2006, each year Indonesia trained approximately 600 people in various training such as marine inspector, hydrographic, Global Marine Distress Safety System, SAR, ISPS-Code, Port State Control Officer, Advance Fire Fighting, ISM Code and Radar Simulator Arpa Simulator. In terms of organization improvement, Directorate General of Sea transportation determined tasks based on competence based evaluation. Indonesia also planned to restructure and reform Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia to be more independent and professional (Ministry, 2008b). Although we can categorized Indonesian Maritime administration has traditional public administration style with its classic bureaucracy, Indonesia has implemented some element of new public management. Authorization of Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia for ISM audit also shown Maritime administration orientation in result, with realized their limited capability for doing too much task. Directorate has also published minimum standard of services which mention performance indicator (Directorate, 1999). Certainly, all deficiency should be overcome, one of the solution is by implementing the code in Resolution A.996(25). However, there are many possible consequences have to be faced by Indonesia in order to fully implement the code. One example of important parts is regarding casualty investigation. IV. Consequence of the code for casualty investigation in Indonesia As part of the strategy, casualty investigation is one of flag state responsibility that should implement.   Resolution A.996(25) point out that flag state should carried out investigation following a marine casualty or pollution incident. Three consequences that should considered regarding casualty investigations are provide qualified investigators, publish the result for certain cases, and report to IMO according to the guidelines (IMO,2007). Wherever the location of casualty or incident, flag State should be prepared to provide qualified investigators. Individual investigators should have working knowledge and practical experience in those subject areas pertaining to their normal duties. Additionally, in order to assist individual investigators performing duties outside their normal assignments, flag State should ensure ready access of various expertise such as expertise in navigation and Collision Regulations, causes of marine pollution, interviewing techniques, evidence gathering, and evaluation of the effects of the human element (IMO,2007). High qualified investigator can conduct good investigation which finds not only the direct causes but also the root causes to avoid the reoccurrence. In terms of investigator, Indonesia only has 6 individual investigators. As Karmoyono, head of maritime transportation sub committee NTSC said, to promptly deal with all accident happen in Indonesia at least 30 individual investigato rs is needed, with 1 investigator for each province (Yunita,2008). Addressing this problem, Indonesia can try to develop its capability through program offered in UNDP; as long as conform to UNDP global mandate and follow the process, Common Country Assessment, United Nations Development Assistance Framework and Common Country Programme Action Plan (Jopap,2009). Along with developing internal capability, Indonesia can also explore possibility to take advantage of multi state cooperation with get professional expert from other country. Moreover, the investigation result should be informed to every party involved as input for improvement.   According to Smith and Schmidt, â€Å"When investigating accident, success is measured by the degree to which the party efficiently receives the information it needs and is able to act in its own best interest based on that knowledge† (Smith Schmidt, 2005, p.210). It is fits to requirement of the code, which is to publish the result of investigation to the public, especially any accidents involving personal injury necessitating absence from duty of three days or more and any deaths resulting from occupational accidents and casualties to ships. In 2008, among 44 accidents, 4 accidents which considered as major accident were investigated by National Transport Safety Committee, and 40 were investigated by Directorate General of Sea Transportation (NTSC, 2009a). Among this 4 major accident only 2 of the report are published in NTSC website (NTSC, 2009b). Last consequence is requirement to report in accordance with MSC/Circ.953-MEPC/Circ.372, Reports on marine casualties and incidents, and revised harmonized reporting procedures which is reports required under SOLAS regulation I/21 and MARPOL 73/78 articles 8 and 12. V.Conclusion Strategies mentioned in Resolution A.996(25) has give comprehensive measure to implement IMO convention. Indonesia as flag state has developed short term and long term strategic plans which in line with some part of the code. Indonesia also conducted the strategy; however, there are still many deficiencies occurred, especially in enforcement, adherence to the international recommendation, and verification of effectiveness. Realizing the benefit of the code, it is every hope that all possible consequences which arise from implementing the code in Indonesia can be managed.

Frankenstein and the monster Essay

â€Å"How far should we feel pity for both Frankenstein and the monster? † Essay By looking carefully at the arguments both for and against feeling pity for Frankenstein and his monster, it is easy to see that we should feel much pity for both. The â€Å"monster† was brought to life on a dark night and thrown into unwittingly into the wide world; a world in which he was forced into solitude due to the neglect of his creator and the rejection of all who saw him. For the whole of his life he was spurned by all who lay eyes on his skin-deep ugliness because their judging minds could not see the person who lay beneath. According to the monster, as he tells Frankenstein whilst talking to him, â€Å"You must create a female for me with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being†. All he wanted was a small amount of love and affection from anyone or anything. This shows he has some human feelings and makes the reader empathise with what Frankenstein’s monster has to cope with. The constant rejection the monster receives in the end drives him, the reader believes, to make the ultimate sacrifice, to stop the pain that tears through his body; he wanders off into the snow, where the reader thinks he commits suicide. This ends the suffering and enables him to rest easy for first time since his birth. Others may disagree and say that Frankenstein’s monster was created from the body parts of criminals and therefore could be nothing but evil himself. Using the murders he commits this point could perhaps be justified. The monster kills the completely innocent William and effectively kills Justine as well, by cruelly framing her for his murderous deed. As we find out in the monster’s story he now thought that â€Å"From hence forth, evil be thou my good. â€Å", showing him as nothing but wicked. Furthermore he later murders Frankenstein’s father, before utterly destroying Frankenstein’s last chance of happiness, killing his wife Elizabeth on their wedding night. Having had everything stolen from him, Frankenstein enters a state of despair, where the only thing he has to live for is the need to destroy his creation. The monster had done no good in his life, only ruined Frankenstein’s. Then in an act of running away from all he had done and giving up because the death of his creator gave him nothing else to live for, he took his own life. The conclusion you could then reach from everything he did, is that he therefore deserves no pity from anyone. Though these are completely valid points, there is a different way to look at it. The terrible things the monster did were brought on by the neglect and rejection he suffered, and not being allowed to have someone to love and care for. These are all things humans cannot deal with, making the reader feel more pity because of what he was driven to and the human needs and emotions he shows.

Improve own & team practice in schools Essay

Team work in schools is important as it’s a development not only for you but also for others. It helps to build a positive relationship with those that are within your team, as well as showing that there is support for one another within the structure. Whatever the size the school you work in, you will be part of a group of people who each have a different role to fulfil while working to support individuals or groups of pupils. Whilst each member of the team know and understand their own role, they should also know and understand the roles of other team members, and how they all fit together in a school environment. Where there is team work, responsibilities and tasks are shared between the team, therefor, the tasks will be completed more effectively and also in a good time scale. Each team member has their own skills and expertise, communicating with them not only increases your own knowledge and skills, but also allows you to understand your own role within the team. Communication is a very important tool in team work; you can ask for advice or even give advice about certain subjects or topics, as well as sharing ideas on them too. When it comes to the pupils, communicating between each other is very important as you will share information on the child such as the child’s welfare, medical information or even their progress within the classroom. When adults are working effectively together, working as part of a team, the children will see them as role models and will follow, copy and mimic what they see. They will not only use this in and around the school, but also when they are at home. To a parent this shows that the school is setting a good example to its pupils, which in turn will give the school respectively high standards and a great reputation. 3. 2 As well as working and having shared roles, the team must have clear purpose and objectives. The main purpose of team work are: To provide a safe environment for the pupils. To motivate the pupils to use their full intellectual potential. To support the pupils development. To support and respect one and other. In the setting to which I am part of a team, there are a number of purposes and objectives of my team in which they work, for example working in a team makes things easier for everyone. This could be with activities, paperwork, observations, snack times etc, this makes our school run more easily and effectively. Our schools main objectives is to create a safe educational environment for the pupils to learn in and also help them to develop in all areas. Our setting offers a variety of activities for the children to take part in, such as health and beauty, life skills, fun fit leisure and employability. These will help the pupils to develop in areas that focus on individual development rather than development of the group on the whole. These will help the individual pupil reach the goals set for them and prepare them for when they leave school into a working environment. 3. 3 My own role and responsibilities as teaching assistant is to work under the instruction and guidance of the teaching staff and senior staff. I work in a Post 16+ Special Needs School. We have about 12 student that attend our school, all having individual needs. I work with the class teacher, supporting learning for the pupils and providing general support to the teacher in the management of the pupils and the classroom as well as the outdoor activities. My role as a teaching assistant is to take on tasks such as to supervise the pupils, to ensure they have the correct tools to which is needed for the lesson to which is being taught and to ensure the pupils clear up afterwards, this allows the teacher to concentrate on teaching. To support pupils with particular individual needs, sometimes my role is to work one to one, while others work in small groups or work with one of these groups. The teacher is not able to give every pupil individual attention, assistants provide essential support to the pupils and the lead teacher. My responsibilities also include: †¢ Supervising creative activities (e. g. when the pupils use scissors, glue or even using the computer). †¢ giving support to pupils (individually or groups) who need support in a particular task. †¢ helping pupils to learn through role play or other play activities. †¢ offering support and understanding to those who are upset. It is essential to have effective open communication with others within the team through regular meetings to ensure you have a clear plan of yours and others roles and to be able to establish any action plans and deadlines that are in place. This will give you an understanding of how what you are doing fits into the whole team and school. 3. 4 The reason why it is important in respecting the skills and expertise of others is to develop a good working relationship with other members of your team. Each member of the team is equally as important as the other members of the team; as they will all bring something uniquely different to the team. When shared, via communicating, with each other, you can learn new skills and techniques, which then helps to develop your ongoing learning. It is always respectful to listen to the opinions of others as well as listening to their knowledgeable ideas. This is not only showing that you respect them as a person, but also their contributions to your development, and it also helps to develop a good working relationship with them. For a new member to join the team, they may feel intimidated in offering input at first. They may have new ideas on how to progress or help with something, but may not offer it in order to avoid any conflict with those who have been there for some time before they started. On the other hand, if a new member were to join the team and they said that something should be done differently, without listening to the opinions and advice of others, this may cause unease and problems within the team.

Henry J. Raymond

Henry J. Raymond, political activist and journalist, founded the New York Times in 1851 and served as its dominant editorial voice for nearly two decades. When Raymond launched the Times, New York City was already home to thriving newspapers edited by prominent editors such as Horace Greeley and James Gordon Bennett. But the 31-year-old Raymond believed he could provide the public with something new, a newspaper devoted to honest and reliable coverage without overt political crusading. Despite Raymonds deliberately moderate stance as a journalist, he was always quite active in politics. He was prominent in Whig Party affairs until the mid-1850s, when he became an early supporter of the new anti-slavery Republican Party. Raymond and the New York Times helped bring Abraham Lincoln to national prominence after his February 1860 speech at Cooper Union, and the newspaper supported Lincoln and the Union cause throughout the Civil War. Following the Civil War, Raymond, who had been the chairman of the National Republican Party, served in the House of Representatives. He was involved in a number of controversies over Reconstruction policy and his time in Congress was extremely difficult. Habitually afflicted by overwork, Raymond died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age  of 49. His legacy was the creation of the New York Times and what amounted to a new style of journalism focused on the honest presentation of both sides of critical issues. Early Life Henry Jarvis Raymond was born in Lima, New York, on January 24, 1820. His family owned a prosperous farm and young Henry received a good childhood education. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1840, though not after becoming dangerously ill from overwork.   While in college he began to contribute  essays to a magazine edited by Horace Greeley. And after college he secured a job working for Greeley at his new newspaper, the New York Tribune. Raymond took to city journalism, and became indoctrinated with the idea that newspapers should perform a social service. Raymond befriended a young man in the Tribunes business office, George Jones, and the two began to think about forming their own newspaper. The idea was put on hold while Jones went to work for a bank in Albany, New York,  and Raymonds career took him to other newspapers and deepening involvement with Whig Party politics. In 1849, while working for a New York City newspaper, the Courier and Examiner, Raymond  was elected to the New York State legislature. He  was soon elected speaker of the assembly, but was determined to launch his own newspaper. In early 1851 Raymond was conversing with his friend George Jones in Albany, and they finally decided to start  their own newspaper. Founding of the New York Times With some investors from Albany and New York City, Jones and Raymond set about finding an office, purchasing a new Hoe printing press, and recruiting staff. And on September 18, 1851 the first edition appeared. On page two of the first issue Raymond issued a lengthy statement of purpose under the headline A Word About Ourselves. He explained that the paper was priced at one cent so as to obtain a large circulation and corresponding influence. He also took issue with speculation and gossip about the new paper which had circulated throughout the summer of 1851. He mentioned that the Times was rumored to be supporting several different, and contradictory, candidates. Raymond spoke eloquently about how the new paper would address issues, and he seemed to be making reference to the two dominant temperamental editors of the day, Greeley of the New York Tribune and Bennett of the New York Herald: We do not mean to write as if we were in a passion, unless that shall really be the case; and we shall make it a point to get into a passion as rarely as possible. There are very few things in this world which it is worthwhile to get angry about; and they are just the things that anger will not improve. In controversies with other journals, with individuals, or with parties, we shall engage only when, in our opinion, some important public interest can be promoted thereby; and even then, we shall endeavor to rely more upon fair argument than upon misrepresentation or abusive language. The new newspaper was successful, but its first years were difficult. Its hard to imagine the New York Tijmes as the scrappy upstart, but thats what it was as compared to Greeleys Tribune or Bennetts Herald. An incident from the early years of the Times demonstrates the competition among New York City newspapers at the time. When the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854, James Gordon Bennett arranged to have an interview with a survivor. Editors at the Times thought it unfair that Bennett and the Herald would have an exclusive interview, as the newspapers tended to cooperate in such matters. So the Times managed to get the earliest copies of the Heralds interview and set it in type and rushed their version out to the street first. By 1854 standards, the New York Times had essentially hacked the more established Herald. The antagonism between Bennett and Raymond percolated for years. In a move that would surprise those familiar with the modern New York Times, the newspaper published a mean-spirited ethnic caricature of Bennett in December 1861. The front-page cartoon depicted Bennett, who had been born in Scotland, as a devil playing a bagpipe. Talented Journalist Though Raymond was only 31 when he began editing the New York Times, he was already an accomplished journalist known for solid reporting skills and an astounding ability to not only write well but write very fast. Many stories were told about Raymonds ability to write quickly in longhand, immediately handing the pages to compositors who would set his words into type. A famous example was when the politician and great orator Daniel Webster died in October 1852. On October 25, 1852, the New York Times published a lengthy biography of Webster running to 26 columns. A  friend and colleague of Raymonds later recalled that Raymond had written 16 columns of it himself. He essentially wrote three complete pages of a daily newspaper in a few hours, between the time the news arrived by telegraph and the time the type had to go to press. Besides being an inordinately talented writer, Raymond loved the competition of city journalism. He guided the Times when they battled to be first on stories, such as when the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854 and all the papers were scrambling to get the news. Support for Lincoln In the early 1850s Raymond, like many others, gravitated to the new Republican Party as the Whig Party essentially dissolved. And when Abraham Lincoln began to rise to prominence in Republican circles, Raymond recognized him as having presidential potential. At the 1860 Republican convention, Raymond supported the candidacy of fellow New Yorker William Seward. But once Lincoln was nominated Raymond, and the New York Times, supported him. In 1864 Raymond was very active at the Republican National Convention at which Lincoln was renominated and Andrew Johnson added to the ticket. During that summer Raymond wrote to Lincoln expressing his fear that Lincoln would lose in November. But with military victories in the fall, Lincoln won a second term. Lincolns second term, of course, only lasted six weeks. Raymond, who had been elected to Congress, found himself generally at odds with the more radical members of his own party, including Thaddeus Stevens. Raymonds time in Congress was generally disastrous. It was often observed that his success in journalism did not extend to politics, and he would have been better off to stay out of politics entirely. The Republican Party did not renominate Raymond to run for Congress in 1868. And by that time he was exhausted from the constant internal warfare in the party.   On the morning of Friday, June 18, 1869, Raymond died, of an apparent cerebral hemorrhage, at his home in Greenwich Village.  The next days New York Times was published with thick black mourning borders between the columns on page one. The newspapers story announcing his death began: It is our sad duty to announce the death of Mr. Henry J. Raymond, the founder and editor of the Times, who died suddenly at his residence yesterday morning of an attack of apoplexy. The intelligence of this painful event, which has robbed American journalism of one of its more eminent supporters, and deprived the nation of a patriotic statesman, whose wise and moderate counsels can ill be spared at the present juncture of affairs, will be received with deep sorrow throughout the country, not alone by those who enjoyed his personal friendship, and shared his political convictions, but by those also who knew him only as a journalist and public man. His death will be felt as a national loss. Legacy of Henry J. Raymond Following the death of Raymond, the New York Times endured. And the ideas advanced by Raymond, that newspapers should report both sides of an issue and show moderation, eventually became standard in American journalism. Raymond was often criticized for not being able to make up his mind about about an issue, unlike his competitors Greeley and Bennett. He addressed that quirk of his own personality directly: If those of my friends who call me a waverer  could only know how impossible it is for me to see but one aspect of a question, or to espouse but one side of a cause, they would pity rather than condemn me; and however much I may wish myself differently constituted, yet I cannot unmake the original structure of my mind. His death at such a young age came as a shock to New York City and especially its journalistic community. The following day the main competitors of the New York Times, Greeleys Tribune and Bennetts Herald, printed heartfelt  tributes to Raymond.